Nobel PrizesNobel Prizes

The Nobel Prizes are administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by specific academic and political bodies in Sweden and Norway.

• Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences: Responsible for selecting the Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry, and the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences.
• Karolinska Institutet: The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet selects the Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine.
• Swedish Academy: Responsible for selecting the Nobel Laureate in Literature.
• Norwegian Nobel Committee: Appointed by the Norwegian Parliament (Storting), this committee selects the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, which is awarded in Oslo, Norway.
• Laureate Limitations: A Nobel Prize can be shared by up to three individuals, or in the case of the Peace Prize, it can also be awarded to organizations. Posthumous nominations are not permitted.

India has a rich history of Nobel Laureates who have contributed significantly to global knowledge and peace.

• Rabindranath Tagore (1913): Awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his profoundly sensitive, fresh, and beautiful verse in 'Gitanjali'.
• C.V. Raman (1930): Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the scattering of light and the discovery of the effect named after him (Raman Effect).
• Mother Teresa (1979): Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her work in bringing help to suffering humanity, particularly through the Missionaries of Charity.
• Amartya Sen (1998): Awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his contributions to welfare economics and social choice theory.

The 2024 Nobel Prizes recognized groundbreaking advancements in Artificial Intelligence, microRNA, and institutional economics.

• Physiology or Medicine: Awarded to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation.
• Physics: Awarded to John J. Hopfield and Geoffrey E. Hinton for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks.
• Chemistry: Shared by David Baker (for computational protein design) and Demis Hassabis & John M. Jumper (for protein structure prediction using AlphaFold2).
• Literature: Awarded to Han Kang (South Korea) for her intense poetic prose that confronts historical traumas and exposes the fragility of human life.
• Peace: Awarded to the Japanese organization Nihon Hidankyo (a grassroots movement of atomic bomb survivors from Hiroshima and Nagasaki) for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons.
• Economic Sciences: Awarded to Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity.