Energy Resources

Rationale: E.W. Zimmermann introduced the functional theory of resources in 1933, emphasizing that neutrality of nature transforms into a resource only through human wants, knowledge, and skills.

Rationale: Solar energy holds the dominant share among renewable energy sources in India's total installed capacity due to aggressive national capacity additions under the National Solar Mission.

Rationale: M. King Hubbert formulated the Peak Oil theory in 1956 to predict the peak and subsequent decline of petroleum production globally and regionally.

Rationale: Tamil Nadu has historically maintained a leading position in wind energy installations, closely contested by Gujarat, owing to favorable topographical passes like the Palghat gap and coastal winds.

Rationale: OTEC exploits the vertical temperature gradient (approx. 20 degrees Celsius difference) between warm surface tropical waters and cold deep ocean waters to run a heat engine.

Rationale: Anthracite is the highest grade of coal, containing 86-98% fixed carbon, making it extremely hard, dense, and smokeless upon combustion.

Rationale: Bakreshwar in Birbhum district, West Bengal, is known for its thermal power station and hot springs, which are a focal point for geothermal energy exploration in eastern India.

Rationale: Uraninite or pitchblende is the principal uranium ore mined at Jaduguda in the Singhbhum belt of Jharkhand.

Rationale: Jharia is the prime storehouse of coking coal in India, which is indispensable for blast furnaces in the iron and steel industry.

Rationale: The International Energy Agency (IEA), headquartered in Paris, publishes the comprehensive annual World Energy Outlook analyzing global supply, demand, and climate impacts.

Rationale: Energy intensity is an indicator of energy efficiency; a declining energy intensity implies an economy is generating more GDP with lesser energy units.

Rationale: Kalpakkam is renowned for pioneering Fast Breeder Reactor technology, utilizing plutonium-uranium carbide fuel, marking the second stage of India's nuclear power roadmap.

Rationale: Tamil Nadu contains the largest reserves of lignite (brown coal) in India, prominently found in the Neyveli basin.

Rationale: Fracking involves high-pressure injection of water, sand, and chemicals, posing significant risks of contaminating aquifers and triggering minor seismic tremors.

Rationale: A smart grid uses two-way digital communication and computer processing to react dynamically to changes in energy demand and supply.

Rationale: Electricity is a secondary energy source because it is produced by converting primary energy sources such as coal, natural gas, nuclear energy, or solar power.

Rationale: Manikaran in the Parvati Valley of Himachal Pradesh is one of India's prominent geothermal hot spring sites utilized for direct heat and experimental power generation.

Rationale: China is the world's largest producer of hydroelectricity, heavily driven by mega-projects like the Three Gorges Dam along the Yangtze River basin.

Rationale: The United Nations launched SE4All to achieve universal energy access, improve energy efficiency, and increase the share of renewable energy globally.