S-R Approach to Motivation
The Stimulus-Response (S-R) approach to motivation conceptualizes goal-directed behavior as a direct function of environmental stimuli eliciting conditioned or unconditioned physiological drives and learned habits. Rooted in early behaviorism (Watson, Thorndike, Hull, Skinner), this framework excludes internal cognitive constructs in favor of observable behavioral mechanics, making it foundational for the UP PGT Psychology and UGC NET curricula.