Analogies (Mathematical & Verbal)

Overview & Fundamental Concept

Exhaustive AISSEE Class 6 Intelligence guide for Analogies (Mathematical & Verbal). Covers numerical relations, squares/cubes, 50+ verbal word pairings (worker-tool, country-capital), letter rank patterns (EJOTY), solved models, and 10 practice drills.

• An Analogy establishes a specific logical, structural, or mathematical relationship between two given terms ($A : B$) and requires applying the identical relationship to a third term ($C : ?$) such that $A : B :: C : D$.
• 1. Power Relations (Squares and Cubes):
• • Square Relation ($n : n^2$): $7 : 49 :: 9 : 81$; $12 : 144 :: 15 : 225$.
• • Cube Relation ($n : n^3$): $4 : 64 :: 6 : 216$; $5 : 125 :: 8 : 512$.
• • Near-Power Modifications ($n : n^2 pm k$ or $n : n^3 pm k$): $6 : 37 :: 8 : 65$ (Pattern: $n : n^2+1$); $5 : 124 :: 7 : 342$ (Pattern: $n : n^3-1$).
• 2. Operational Arithmetic Relations:
• • Multiplication and Addition ($n : an + b$): $6 : 32 :: 10 : 52$ (Pattern: $ imes 5 + 2$).
• • Self-Operation ($n : n(n+1)$): $7 : 56 :: 9 : 90$ ($7 imes 8 = 56; 9 imes 10 = 90$).
• 3. Prime Number Sequences: Consecutive prime mapping (e.g., $11 : 13 :: 17 : 19$; $2 : 3 :: 5 : 7$). Always check for prime status before assuming an arithmetic $+2$ rule!
• 4. Digit Sum & Product Operations:
• • Sum of Digits: $456 : 15 :: 789 : 24$ ($4+5+6 = 15; 7+8+9 = 24$).
• • Product of Digits: $34 : 12 :: 56 : 30$ ($3 imes 4 = 12; 5 imes 6 = 30$).

• Verbal analogies evaluate semantic relationships across real-world knowledge domains:
• 1. Worker and Tool / Instrument: The instrument utilized by a specialized professional to perform their work.
• 2. Worker and End Product: The finished article manufactured or authored by a professional.
• 3. Country, Capital and National Currency: Essential geopolitical knowledge tested regularly in AISSEE.
• 4. Animal, Young One, Habitat & Sound: Biological venery and zoological pairings.
• 5. Instrument and Physical Quantity Measured: Scientific measuring devices and physical units.

• Letter analogies evaluate spatial pattern recognition and positional ranks within the standard 26-letter English alphabet:
• 1. Forward Positional Ranks ($A=1 dots Z=26$): Memorize the EJOTY anchor benchmark to locate any letter rank in under 2 seconds:
• • E = 5, J = 10, O = 15, T = 20, Y = 25.
• • Example: To find 'R', recall $O=15 implies P=16, Q=17, R=18$.
• 2. Backward (Reverse) Positional Ranks ($A=26 dots Z=1$):
• • The 27 Subtraction Law: $\text{Reverse Rank} = 27 - \text{Forward Rank}$.
• • Example for 'D': Forward rank is 4. Reverse rank $= 27 - 4 = 23$.
• 3. Reverse Opposite Letter Pairs (Sum of Positions = 27):
• • $A \leftrightarrow Z$ (A to Z); $B \leftrightarrow Y$ (Boy); $C \leftrightarrow X$ (Crux); $D \leftrightarrow W$ (Dew); $E \leftrightarrow V$ (Even); $F \leftrightarrow U$ (Fuel); $G \leftrightarrow T$ (GT Road); $H \leftrightarrow S$ (High School); $I \leftrightarrow R$ (Indian Railway); $J \leftrightarrow Q$ (Jungle Queen); $K \leftrightarrow P$ (KanPur); $L \leftrightarrow O$ (Love); $M \leftrightarrow N$ (Man).
• 4. Shift Operations: Constant shifts ($+2, +3$), progressive shifts ($+1, +2, +3$), or mirror inversions.

• Follow this 4-step algorithm to crack any analogy question in under 30 seconds:
• Step 1: Define the Relationship in a Concise Sentence: Convert the first pair ($A : B$) into a precise relationship sentence: 'A is the tool used by B' or 'B is the square of A plus one'.
• Step 2: Check Directionality and Syntax: Confirm which term is the agent and which is the tool/object. If A is Worker and B is Tool, the answer MUST be Worker : Tool.
• Step 3: Test Candidate Options Against the Relationship Sentence: Insert options into your relationship sentence. Reject options that fit a different relationship or inverted order.
• Step 4: Check Pattern Hierarchy for Numbers: If multiple numerical logic rules seem possible, prioritize: Prime -> Square/Cube -> Multiply/Divide -> Add/Subtract.