Indian sociology has generated rich empirical literature regarding rural power through village studies. M.N. Srinivas introduced the concept of the Dominant Caste in his study of Rampura village (published in The Social System of a Mysore Village, 1955), noting that a caste is dominant when it wields numerical strength, economic power (land ownership), and political backing, regardless of its ritual hierarchy.
André Béteille's classical monograph Caste, Class, and Power (1965), based on his study of Sripuram village in Tamil Nadu, demonstrated how caste, class, and power—historically congruent—were becoming increasingly differentiated with the advent of modern education, adult franchise, and statutory panchayats.
Other key contributors include S.C. Dube (Indian Village, 1955, examining Shamirpet), who highlighted factionalism and leadership patterns, and Ramakrishna Mukherjee, who analyzed rural class structures through a Marxian framework.