Pipes and Cisterns: Inlets, Outlets & Work Equivalenceनल एवं हौज (पाइप और टंकी): भरने एवं खाली करने की दर

Master positive vs. negative work in pipes and cisterns, leakages, alternating pipes, and tank capacity calculations in UPSC CSAT.

Overview: Pipes and Cisterns: Inlets, Outlets & Work Equivalence अवलोकन: नल एवं हौज (पाइप और टंकी): भरने एवं खाली करने की दर

Pipes and cisterns problems are mathematically identical to Time & Work:
• Inlet Pipe: Fills the tank → Performs positive work (+1/A per hour).
• Outlet Pipe / Leakage: Empties the tank → Performs negative work (-1/B per hour).
• Combined Rate: If Pipe A fills in x hours and Pipe B empties in y hours (where y > x), net filling rate = 1/x - 1/y. Time to fill = (xy) / (y - x) hours.
• LCM Method: Assume tank capacity = LCM of individual times to convert fractional rates into integer units/hour.

Essential Formula / Rule:
Net Rate = Sum of Inlets - Sum of Outlets | Net Time = Total Capacity / Net Rate