Permanent Settlement of 1793 Permanent Settlement of 1793
Study how Cornwallis's 1793 settlement fixed Bengal's land revenue and changed zamindar and cultivator rights. Study how Cornwallis's 1793 settlement fixed Bengal's land revenue and changed zamindar and cultivator rights.
Land Revenue Permanent Settlement
The Permanent Settlement, introduced in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis, was a land revenue system that fixed the tax liability of land in perpetuity with the zamindars, converting them into hereditary landowners while reducing cultivators to mere tenants.
Importance in UPSCUPSC में महत्व
Crucial for both Prelims (chronology, geographical spread, key figures like John Shore and Cornwallis) and Mains (GS-1 Modern Indian History, impact of British economic policies on Indian agriculture, commercialization, rural indebtedness, and peasant uprisings).
Learning Outcomesसीखने के परिणाम
- Master foundational concepts, economic rationale, and operational mechanisms of the Permanent Settlement.
- Evaluate spatial distribution, financial outcomes, and socio-economic transformations across Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, and Varanasi.
- Apply high-yield mnemonics to solve tricky Prelims statements and structure comprehensive analytical Mains answers.
Prerequisitesआवश्यक शर्तें
- Decline of Mughal Empire
- Battle of Plassey (1757) and Buxar (1764)
- Grant of Diwani Rights to the East India Company